包含literaryfields的詞條

英文簡介 信達雅原則的英文翻譯版 500~1000字

Yan Fu studied at the Fujian Arsenal Academy (福州船政學堂) in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. In 1877–79 he studied at the Navy Academy in Greenwich, England. Upon his return to China, he was unable to pass the Imperial Civil Service Examination, while teaching at the Fujian Arsenal Academy and then Beiyang Naval Officers' School (北洋水師學堂) at Tianjin.

It was not until after the Chinese defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95, fought for control of Korea) that Yan Fu became famous. He is celebrated for his translations, including Thomas Huxley's Evolution and Ethics, Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, John Stuart Mill's On Liberty and Herbert Spencer's Study of Sociology. Yan critiqued the ideas of Darwin and others, offering his own interpretations.

The ideas of "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" were introduced to Chinese readers through Huxley's work. The former idea was famously rendered by Yan Fu into Chinese as tianze (天擇).

He became a respected scholar for his translations, and became politically active. In 1895 he was involved in the Gongche Shangshu movement. In 1912 he became the first principal of National Peking University (now Peking University).

He became a royalist and conservative who supported Yuan Shikai (袁世凱) and Zhang Xun (張勛) to proclaim themselves emperor in his later life. He also participated the foundation of Chouanhui (籌安會), an organization which supported restoring monarchy. He has laughed at "New Literature Revolutionaries" like Hu Shi (胡適).

Yan stated in the preface to his translation of Evolution and Ethics (天演論) that "there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance" (譯事三難：信達雅). He did not set them as general standards for translation and did not say that they were independent of each other. However, since the publication of that work, the phrase "faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance" has been attributed to Yan Fu as a standard for any good translation and has become a cliché in Chinese academic circles, giving rise to numerous debates and theses. Some scholars argue that this dictum actually derived from British theoretician of translation, Alexander Fraser Tytler.

Infromation from wikpedia

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Preliminary Study of

Yan Fu?ˉs Main Translation Thought

Abstract: Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance are Yan Fu?ˉs main translation thought. Faithfulness means that the translator should transmit the meanings or thoughts from the originals during translating. Expressiveness demands that the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense. Elegance is also a standard of Yan Fu?ˉs translation thought. Translating is not to copy information from the original, but a creative project. ?°The criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance summarized the scattered translation views in theory, brought up a standard for the later translation theory specific and practical, and promoted the Chinese translation theory up to a new stage?±(o???±ó￡?2002).

Key words: Translation; Yan Fu; Faithfulness; Expressiveness; Elegance

I. Introduction Yan Fu, the great translator, educationist in modern history of China, was born in Fujian province. In 1886, he passed the entrance examination of Mawei Ships and Military School by high score. After graduation, he received a practical training in a naval vessel. In 1877, as a member of the navy, he went to the British Imperial Navy School for study. During those times, he studied the professional knowledge. Besides, he gave his mind to western philosophy, sociology and politics. Later, he has made a survey of the justice process in British court, and then compared with that in China. After he retuned, he served the post of the coach in Mawei Ships and Military School.

Except the political and academic articles, most of Yan Fu?ˉs works are about translation. His contributions to translation include two aspects: theory and practice. In theory, the greatest achievement is that he brought up ?°faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance?± (???′￡?1986), which summarized the scattered translation views in theory, brought up a standard for the later translation theory specifically and practically, and promoted the Chinese translation theory up to a new stage.

II. The Core of Yan Fu?ˉs Translation Thought

Since Yan Fu brought up the ?°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance?±, it became the condensation of the translation theory in ancient China, and the focus of modern translation study. Some people regarded them as principles, some considered them were theories, and some thought they were standards. Each famous people of the translation circle aired their own views, commendatory or derogatory, but no one could surpass them. Therefore, some thought that studying the ?°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance?± is equal to study the whole translation theories of China. Thus it can be seen, Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance influenced profoundly in the translation circle of China.

In the different period, different people in the translation circle had different viewpoints to the ?°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance?±. Lin Yutang brought up the standard of ?°Faithfulness, Fluency and Beauty?±, but this doesn't overstep the ?°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance?±(á?ó?ì?￡?1937).

Mentioning the standard of ?°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance?±, most scholars don?ˉt think to deny it or discard it simply, but amend it or expound it. Some people stated the standard from the angle of linguistics: Faithfulness is the equivalents of meanings, Expressiveness is the equivalents of the styles of writing, and Elegance is the equivalents of the functions. Some thought Yan?ˉs standard is a pattern of translation. It promotes esthetics of phraseology to the peak.

Faithfulness means that the translator should transmit the meanings or thoughts from the originals during translating. In other words, the translation should reflect the whole information accurately and completely. The information maybe include the meanings and thoughts of the author, the culture and customs of a country, the life-style and the way of thinking of the people and so on.

Then, how to achieve it during translating? First of all, comprehensive quality of the translator is very important. That is, he should learn the culture and customs of other countries directly or indirectly. One of the ways may be to read a lot of books, materials or works on many subjects, to study in many fields, such as literature, history, philosophy, and astronomy, geography. Second, he should learn the culture and customs of other countries directly or indirectly. According to Yan Fu, to learn the western culture and custom, the best way is to study the foreign language, then read the western books, observe and learn from the western life(???′￡?1986). To achieve this, one cannot only learn the western culture realistically, but also read books unlimitedly.

Therefore, to achieve Faithfulness during translating, one may learn the foreign culture by learning its language first. Then receive more knowledge indirectly. Besides, it?ˉs also an effective way to live abroad for some periods. After being a member of the society of country, you will learn much more things at there gradually.

According to Yan Fu, Expressiveness in translating means the translation should be logical. If the translation is just a collection of all the information from the originals, the readers couldn?ˉt understand it. Of course, as a translator, to make readers catching the general idea of the translation is the basic work.

However, how to achieve Expressiveness when translating? It all depends. Expressiveness dose not mean that translator will use the same, single way to treat different kinds of originals. That is, different originals will be treated in different ways. For example, literature will be translated in literature languages, political works will be stated in some political terms, while when you translating something about medical, technology, law, the related terminologies should be used accurately and properly, that is, if the scientific technicalities are used in a poem improperly, readers will be not understand it correctly. Therefore, to achieve Expressiveness, one should learn the characters of different kinds of types of writing and choose the proper way to express it.

Elegance is also a standard of Yan?ˉs translation thought. Translating is not the information copied from the originals, but a creative project. A perfect translation is not only faithful and expressive, but also elegant. Elegance is the higher request of language. That is, the translation should be elegant.

III. Conclusion Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance formed a whole translation thought. But they play different roles in it. Some people thought, the effective Faithfulness is the preliminary level of Expressiveness, and Expressiveness is the higher level of Faithfulness, while the Expressiveness is the highest level of Faithfulness and Expressiveness.

In a word, Yan Fu?ˉs translation theory of ?°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance?± influenced the translation circle deeply. A lot of scholars study it, and think it is an effective standard. The criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance summarized the scattered translation views in theory, brought up a standard for the later translation theory specific and practical, and promoted the Chinese translation theory up to a new stage.

英語文言文翻譯

1. 求英語有趣的小文章（要有翻譯）

1.Learning:A Lifelong Career【學習：一生的事業(yè)】 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, *** ysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a mon fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will e to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 學習之于心靈，就像食物之于身體一樣。

攝取了適量的營養(yǎng)食物，我們的身體得以生長而肌肉得以發(fā)達。同樣地，我們應該日復一日不斷地學習以保持我們敏銳的心智能力，并擴充我們的智力容量。

不斷的學習提供我們用不盡的燃料，來驅(qū)使我們磨利我們的推理、分析和判斷的能力。持續(xù)的學習是在信息時代中跟時代并駕齊驅(qū)的最穩(wěn)當?shù)姆椒?，也是在變動的世代中成功的可靠保證。

一旦學習停止，單調(diào)貧乏的生活就開始了。視學校為汲取知識的唯一場所是種常見的謬誤。

相反地，學習應該是一種無終止的歷程，從生到死。由于世界一直快速地在變動，只要學習停頓數(shù)日就將使人落后。

更糟的是，蟄伏在我們潛意識深處的 *** 本能就會復活，削弱我們追求高貴理想的意志，弱化我們掃除成功障礙的決心，而且扼殺我們凈化我們?nèi)烁竦挠?。缺少學習將不可避免地導致心靈的停滯，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。

因此，為了保持心理年輕，我們必須將學習當作一生的事業(yè)。 2.heavy shoolwork【課業(yè)繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded *** s. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我認為目前高中生的課業(yè)實在太重了，雖然說學生的確應當念書，但是要想長大成為健全的人，他門還需要一些其它的東西，所以應該給高中生較多從事娛樂的時間。

娛樂并不如某些人所想的，是在浪費時間，它可以讓學生鍛煉身體，發(fā)揮被繁重課業(yè)扼殺的想象力。此外，繁重的課業(yè)加諸在高中生身上的壓力可能引起嚴重的情緒緊張，這對身心都有害。

我并非主張廢除學校課業(yè)，但是我認為減輕目前繁重的課業(yè)對于學生和整個社會都是有益的。 3.Time【時間】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I've done will give me some ideas on how to reanize my time. 時光一去不復返，這是我上學期清楚學到的教訓。

我浪費很多時間四處游蕩，以致于我的成績開始退步。最后我終于了解到我必須有所作為；該是痛改前非的時候了。

現(xiàn)在我有一個明智運用時間的新方法。我已將鬧鐘早撥半小時，這將使我這一天的作息提前開始。

我也決定將我所做的一切及做這些事的時間記錄下來?；仡櫸宜龅氖虑闀l(fā)我如何重新安排我的時間。

4.Work and Play【工作與娛樂】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they plement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get 。

2. 英語古文翻譯（漢譯英）

LiWang is brutal, the people accused of the king. Notice about the response: "People are now fed up with life ah!"LiWang irritated, to find (a) of the shaman to defend the country and let him watch the person accused. (Who) the defendant made to kill him. People did not dare to speak, the road (with noodles) with your eyes (each other) say hello. LiWang very happy to tell the public response, said: "I can put an end to accusations, ah, did not dare to speak." Public response, said: "This is a barrier they ah. Anti-people's mouth water even more difficult than the anti-chuan. River and then plug the breach, harm must be more people (resentment) is also true. Therefore, those who dug the river management Cypriot lines open to allow water in accordance with the guidance (direction) pouring, the people who control the floor so that they vent. So hearing the Son of Heaven, let out a disability Gongqing to offer poetry. blind Officer Qu Xian (folk songs), historian Xian (Wang ancient records deeds of the) book, read Proverbs division officer, official read off Fu, Meng official reading, Baiguan remonstrate, the people (mouth) talk, (the king side) to make every effort to administrations around Fadu bound (King), as a remedy helped relatives View, blind, historian (responsibilities) is (with songs and historical facts) teaching (King), all these teachers, and then an *** ysis of the king of their decision-making, so that (the king) will not be doing things fallacy. people have a mouth, as the earth has mountains and rivers, the use of the property of things (are) out of this, as it is easy to multiply the fertile fields of the low humidity, clothing, growing food here (out). I say it in words, (political) mixed in This is (significantly) e out, the implementation of a good (policy) with (formerly) the experience of failure, which is used to increase the (state) property, (the people) ah the basis of food and clothing. the public mind that from the mouth out how good the implementation of which could be plugged in on the ah? If they plug the mouth, it can block for how long? " LiWang do not listen to the people at this time did not dare to speak, after three years, (LiWang) was banished to the swine.。

3. 英語翻譯要附上古文最好

家無長物王恭從會稽①還，王大看之.見其坐六尺?、谝蛘Z恭："卿東來③，故應有此物，可以一領及我."恭無言.大去后，即舉所坐者送之.即無余席，便坐草席上.后大聞之，甚驚，曰："吾本謂卿多，故求耳."對曰："丈人④不悉恭，恭作人無長物.⑤" 注釋：① 會稽：會讀guì （貴）.古郡名，今浙江紹興.② ?。鹤xdiàn（店）竹席.一說是細草席.③ 東來：從東方歸來.④ 丈人：古時候卑幼稱尊長為丈人，后人專以之稱妻之父.⑤ 長物：長cháng，多余的東西.今譯：王恭從會稽回到家里，王大去看望他.看見王恭坐著一塊方圓六尺的竹席，王大便對王恭說："你從東面回來，所以有這種物品，給我一領吧."王恭沒說話.王大去后，王恭便將自己坐的那領竹席派人送給了他.而他自己沒了竹席，便坐在草席上.后來王大聽說了這件事，很是驚訝，對王恭說道："我以為你有許多，所以才向你要，哪知……".王恭笑道："您不了解我，我作人從來沒有多余的東西."。

4. 文言文（古文）用英語怎么說

文言文（古文） 用英語表達 翻譯如下： Classical Chinese (ancient Chinese) 重點詞匯釋義： 文言文：classical style of writing 古文：prose written in the classical literary style; ancient style prose; ancient Chinese prose； （秦以前的字體） Chinese script before the Qin Dynasty。

5. 初中的文言文的英文翻譯

《守株待兔》的【英語翻譯】：

Staying by a Stump Waiting for More Hares To Come and Dash Themselves Against It

This story took place more than 2,000 years ago,in the Warring States period(475-221 B.C.).Tradition has it that in the State of Song at that time there was a man who was famous for staying by a stump waiting for more hares to e and dash themselves against it.

He was a yong farmer,and his family had been farmers for generations.Year after year and generation after generation, farmers used to sow in spring and harvest in autumn,beginning to work at sunrise and retiring at sunset.In good harvest years,they could only have enough food to eat and enough clothing to wear.If there was a famine due to crop failure,they had to go hungry.

This young farmer wanted to improve his life.But he was too lazy and too cowardly.Being lazy and cowardly over everything,he often dreamed of having unexpected blessings.

A miracle took place at last. One day in late autumn,when he was ploughing in the field,o groups of people were hunting nearby.As shoutings were rising one after another,scared hares were running desperately.Suddenly,a blind hare dashed itself headlong against the stump of a dead tree in his field and died.

That day,he ate his fill.

From that day on,he no longer went in for farming again.From morning till night,he stayed by that miraculous stump,waiting for miracles to take place again.

This story es from"The Five Vermin"in The Works of Han Feizi.Later generations often use the set phrase"staying by a stump waiting for more hares to e and dash themselves against it"to show grusting to chance and windfalls or dreaming to reap without sowing.It is also used to show adhering to narrow experiences and not being able to be flexible.

不知道算不算？

6. 英語翻譯跪求短篇文言文和他的翻譯,還有中心,我要20篇,最好字少

刻舟求劍 楚人有涉江者，其劍自舟中墜于水。

遽契其舟，曰：“是吾劍之所從墜?！敝壑梗瑥钠渌跽呷胨笾?。

舟已行矣，而劍不行。求劍若此，不亦惑乎！刻舟求劍 戰(zhàn)國時，楚國有個人坐船渡江。

船到江心，他一不小心。把隨身攜帶的一把寶劍掉落江中。

他馬上掏出一把小刀，在船舷上刻上一個記號，說：“這是我寶劍落水的地方，所以我要刻上一個記號?！?船靠岸后，那楚人立即從船上刻記號的地方跳下水去撈取掉落的寶劍。

撈了半天，仍不見寶劍的影子。 其實他又怎么找得到寶劍呢？船繼續(xù)行駛，而寶劍卻不會再移動。

像他這樣去找劍，真是太愚蠢可笑了。中心：世界上所有事情都是不斷變化的，要用變化的眼光來看待事物拔苗助長 宋人有憫其苗之不長而揠之者，芒芒然歸，謂其人曰：“今日病矣！予助苗長矣。

”其子趨而往視之，苗則槁矣。天下之不助苗長者寡矣。

以為無益而舍之者，不耘苗者也；助之長者，揠苗者也。非徒無益，而又害之。

古宋國有個人，他嫌禾苗長得太慢，就一棵棵地往上拔，很疲憊的樣子回了家對家人說：“今天可把我累壞了，我?guī)椭玳L高了一大截！”他兒子聽說后急忙到地里去看苗，苗都死了。 中心：遇事如果不從客觀實際出發(fā)，只能是好心辦壞事濫竽充數(shù) 濫竽充數(shù) 齊宣王使人吹竽，必三百人。

南郭處士請為王吹竽。宣王悅之，廩食以數(shù)百人。

宣王死，閔王立。 好一一聽之。

處士逃。齊宣王讓人吹竽，一定要三百人一起吹。

南郭處士請求為齊宣王吹竽，宣王很高興。官倉供養(yǎng)的樂手有好幾百人。

齊宣王死后，他的兒子王繼位。王也喜歡聽吹竽，但他喜歡讓他們一個一個地吹，南郭處士只好逃走了。

中心：比喻無本領的冒充有本領，次貨冒充好貨。 葉公好龍 葉公好龍，室中雕文盡以為龍。

于是天龍聞而下之，窺頭于牖，拖尾于堂。葉公見之，棄而還走，失其魂魄，五神無主。

是葉公非好龍也，夫似龍而非龍也。從前有個叫葉公的人非常喜歡龍。

在他的家里，墻上畫著龍，柱子上雕著龍，穿的 蓋的上面都繡著龍。天上的真龍聽說葉公喜歡龍，就來到葉公家拜訪他，長長的尾 巴伸在堂上，把頭探進窗戶里張望。

葉公看到天上的真龍后，嚇得魂飛膽破，臉色 都變色了，急忙躲起來。原來，葉公喜歡的不是真龍，而是那些畫的、繡的、刻的假龍。

中心：比喻口頭上說愛好某物，實際上并不喜歡。

誰能幫我找一篇關于政府雇員的英文原文？大概3000個詞這樣。急

這是06年政府工作雇員的報告. 加分后還有07年的

Report on the Work of the Government (2006)

Fellow Deputies:

On behalf of the municipal people’s government, I would like to present to you the following report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also welcome comments and suggestions on my report from the members of the Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and non-voting delegates.

I. Review of the Work in 2005 and Implementation of the Tenth Five- Year Plan

2005 was a year out of common, as we braved difficulties and hardships in an indomitable spirit and through our pioneering work. Under the leadership of the CPC Jiaxing Committee, we seriously carried out the scientific outlook on development, vigorously adapted to the national macroeconomic regulation, further promoted “the year of investment promotion”, “the year of project promotion”, and “the year of efficiency construction”, and overcame the restraints of productive elements and the bad influence of consecutive strong typhoons, we worked hard and innovatively, and the main goals and tasks made on the Third Session of the Fifth Municipal People’s Congress were smoothly completed.

1. Economic growth was fast yet steady. Jiaxing’s GDP totaled 115 billion yuan, an increase of 14% over the previous year. Primary industry increased by 3%, secondary industry 15%, and tertiary industry 14%. The municipal government revenue amounted to 13.49 billion yuan, including the local government revenue of 6.65 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7 % and 21.1% respectively over the previous year. Fixed assets investment across the city hit 72.9 billion yuan, an increase of 15% over the previous year.

Agri-economic growth was steady. We worked out and implemented Urban Agricultural Development Plan. We promoted the transformation of agriculture and its increase to raise the overall agricultural production capability. Grain planting area has been stabilized. The total grain output hit 1.195 million tons in 2005. Agricultural structure had been further optimized. The yields of husbandry, cultivation of special products, flowers, and quality fruits increased significantly. Development of tourism and sightseeing as well as ecological leisure farming had been quickened, with 28 various sightseeing and leisure agricultural parks across the city constructed. Industrialized agricultural operation was steadily boosted, increasing 22 flagship agricultural enterprises, and 41 farmers’ specialized cooperatives. Quality of agricultural products was improved owing to the vigorous promotion of standardized agricultural production, and progress was made in the control of animal and plant epidemic diseases. Famous, Special, Superior and New Agricultural Products Exhibition was successfully held in Shanghai.

Industrial economy acquired a substantial development. We further carried out the strategy of building Jiaxing through industry, and published The Direction Catalogue of Key Fields, Technologies and Products for Building an Advanced Manufacturing Base. Land, fund and other productive elements were centralized in competitive industries, and the industrial structure continued to be optimized. The output value, and profits and taxes of industrial enterprises above designated size totaled 210 billion yuan and 1.68 million yuan, an increase of 25% and 22% respectively. The industrial power consumption reached 12.3 billion KW/H, a rise by 19%. The output value of heavy industry rose by 27.1%, representing a 2.3% increase in the proportion of industrial economy. The output value of high-tech industry such as electronic information grew by 26%, higher than the average increasing speed of industry. More attention was paid to the development of circular economy and the intensive use of resources. The overall energy consumption for per 10 thousand output value of industrial enterprises fell by 7.3%. The project of brand names achieved actual effects, with 4 brand names of China and 20 famous trademarks of Zhejiang newly added.

Tertiary industry developed at a faster speed. We earnestly carried out The Overall Plan of the Development of Tertiary Industry and created a favorable atmosphere and environment for the growth of service sector. Retail sales of social consumables totaled 37 billion yuan, representing an increase of 14%. Jiaxing Exhibition Convention Center, the 1st phase of Integrated Logistics Park, and the 1st phase of Relocation and Construction of Haining Leather City were completed and put into use. Famous chain enterprises such as Lotus Supercentre, and Gome Electric Appliances settled in Jiaxing. The projects of Jiangnan Mall and International Zhonggang City have been boosted. The South Lake scenic spot has been listed as the classic scenic spot for national red tourism. Wuzhen town in Tongxiang has been erected as one of the Top Ten Famous Charming Towns in China. The total income from tourism has reached 10.67 billion yuan, an increase of 24.1%.

Open-oriented economy continued to grow. Foreign contracted investment hit US$ 2.5 billion and the foreign capital in actual use reached US$ 1.156 billion in 2005. With the impact of the state macroeconomic regulations and the change of element market, the goal in the actual use of foreign capital this year has not yet been achieved. A domestic capital of 6.3 billion yuan was introduced in 2005, increased by 21%. A total value of import and export amounted to US$ 9.8 billion, of which US$ 7 billion was for export, an increase of 23.7% and 37.1% respectively. Thirty six overseas enterprises were approved this year. Jiaxing Export Processing Zone has passed the State check. Great achievement has been made in regional cooperation. Production bases with about 3 million mu for sericulture and other farm products have been founded in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces.

2. Steady progress was made in urban and rural constructions. The widening project of Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway has been completed. The construction of Hangzhou-Pudong and Shanghai-Jiaxing-Huzhou expressways, and the north bank connection line of Hangzhou Bay Bridge has been accelerated. Jiashan and Jiaxing-Huzhou Main Roads have been constructed and open to traffic. The rebuilding project for the urban section of 07 provincial highway has been primarily finished. Three over 10,000-ton docks have been built in Zhapu Port District. The construction of inland river ports for international container has been launched. 65% of the progress on the canal project in the southern outskirt has been covered. Dyke construction project along the Qiantangjiang River in Pinghu, Haiyan and Hanning has smoothly progressed. Construction of central city has been accelerated. The extended section of central ring east road and the rebuilding of Santa road have been basically completed. Renovation of small streets and lanes has been boosted in a comprehensive way. A 35,000 m2 of dangerous and old houses was removed. 1,400 mu green land has been increased in the city. And Jiaxing has been successfully listed as one of the state garden cities. The urban sanitation management was improved. “Digital City Management” was launched in an all-rounded scale, and the special renovation on “Three Disorders” and tricycle operation without license has acquired substantial effects. Thus, city management reached a higher level. Construction of power supply and power grids has been intensified. Hengyang and Xiexin projects of combined production of power and heat have been completed and put into operation. 1.62 million KVA of 110-KV or above power transforming capacity has been newly increased after the completion and operation of the capacity expansion project of 220-KV Qingshi power transformer station in Tongxiang and No.3 power transformer station in Jiashan. The urban and rural integration in public transportation and water supply has been quickened, with 1,502 km highway connecting villages and groups newly constructed, and lines of public buses available to 827 administrative villages. We started the construction of a water plant in Guanjing Port in the southern suburb, and speeded up the construction of water supply pipeline. Therefore, additional 315,000 people could enjoy water supply from the urban water supply pipeline. An integrated renovation of urban and rural environment has been implemented, with 1027.9km of waterways dredged, and 16 industrial pollution and sources of danger improved in the city area. Steady progress was made in the work on “Demonstration of Hundred Villages and Renovation of Thousand Villages”, with the percentage of centralized collection of rural domestic garbage reaching 90%.

3. Various reforms were deepened. We worked out Program for Further Reform of Government Institutions, and completed the adjustment of “Three Fixes” program for eleven municipal institutions. Centralized examination and approval of administrative affairs continued to be expanded. The function of unified platform for bidding and tendering has been upgraded. The reform of public service institutions has smoothly progressed, with 87 municipal public service institutions being reformed. We intensified administration supervision, efficiency inspection and economic responsibility auditing. Steady progress has been made in the trials of comprehensive reform of towns in rural areas. We strengthened the supervision of state assets and made an inventory of the assets and liabilities of 13 municipal state-owned assets operation companies. The operational assets being supervised totals 31.22 billion yuan. Enterprise reform was deepened. Thirteen joint-stock companies were restructured, and one company was added to the listed companies. We vigorously fostered intermediary organizations and approved another 21 intermediary agencies. We seriously carried out and implemented the State Council’s eight measures on stabilizing house prices, set up real estate information sharing system and policy coordination to promote the healthy development of real estate. The promotion of individual loan credit and the credit of food safety helps improve social credit system and regulate market order.

4. Science，technology and education developed at a faster speed. Jiaxing Science Technology City was under construction. The Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiaxing Center Microsystem Institute and other 9 sub-centers have settled in Jiaxing. Zhejiang Tsinghua Yangtze River Delta Research Academy has started 15 national, provincial, and municipal scientific research projects. Fifteen municipal scientific and technological innovation and business establishment service centers and 8 provincial high-tech RD centers have been newly confirmed. The Municipal Scientific Innovation Center has been elected as national incubator for science and technology. Haining Base for New Textile Materials has been newly confirmed as a national industrial base with characteristics. The capacity for independent innovation of enterprises has been enhanced, with 26 projects listed in national Torch Program, and 11 products chosen as national new products. The arena for scientific and technical cooperation has been further broadened. The Ukrainian Day of science and technology in Jiaxing was successfully held, with agreement on mutual construction of the International Technology Transfer Center signed with Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, with 88 items of cooperative intentions agreed on. The transactions on online technical market have been in full swing, with 173 projects concluded and their agreements signed. The achievements in creating strong counties of education have been consolidated. Pinghu, Haiyan, and Tongxiang counties passed the re-assessment of provincial strong counties of education. We lead Zhejiang province in compulsory and senior middle school education. The promotion rate of junior secondary school graduates reached 94.1%. The ratio between general senior middle school education and vocational senior middle school education is 1:1. The percentage of students passing university entrance examination reached 90.7%. The conditions of school operation continued to be improved by the implementation of “Four Projects”(the expansion project of funding students from families with financial difficulties, the love project of nutritional meals, the project of renovating students’ canteens and dorms, the project of upgrading teacher’s quality) in rural primary and middle schools. Vigorous efforts were made to build provincial model schools. 101 primary and middle schools passed the provincial check of standardized school construction. The overall strength of Jiaxing University has been enhanced. The new campus of Jiaxing Vocational and Technological Institute has been built and put into use. The 3rd-phase construction for Jiaxing Nanyang Vocational and Technological Institute has been started. Jiaxing City University has been formally established. Enrolments of college students have reached 36,000 in Jiaxing. Reform of educational system has been accelerated, with 55 privately-run schools newly set up in Jiaxing.

5. New achievements have been made in various social undertakings. We organized intellectual and recreational activities in urban communities and the countryside, focusing on “Double Hundred, Double Thousand, and Double Ten Thousand” (organizing the activity of 100 films and 100 theatrical performances on the square in urban areas; organizing 1000 farmer entertainment teams, 1000 performances of plays, singing and dancing, 10,000 films and 10,000 books sent to the country and community across the city). Jiangnan Cultural Festival was successfully held. People enjoy rich cultural life. Literary and artistic creation has made abundant achievements, with 70 works awarded at the provincial level and higher. Haiyan Rolling Lanterns and other 6 folk arts were listed in the first directory of representatives of the provincial non-substantial cultural heritage. The Municipal Public Health Center has been built and put into use. Community health and medical services have progressed steadily. Therefore, the health and medical service system has been improved. Active part has been taken in controlling and preventing highly pathogenic bird flu. Prevention and cure of cholera has attained phasic success. The ability to respond to public health emergencies has been further improved. The medical market has been speeded to open to the foreign capital, and the first Chinese-Foreign Joint Venture Hospital – Zhejiang Xin’an International Hospital is under construction. Vigorous efforts have been made to create strong counties and towns of sports. Amateur and competitive sports got a coordinated development. Athletes of Jiaxing domicile won 5 gold medals in the 10th National Sports Game. The construction of Jiaxing Sports Center has made headway. Fitness Center for urban residents and Olympic Sports Center for the Disabled are under construction. Registration for general economic survey has been fully completed, and a sampling survey targeting about 1% of population started. Fresh achievements were made in the fields related to weather, archives, local annals, foreign affairs, overseas Chinese, and Taiwan.

6. A harmonious and stable society was maintained. We carried out the policy of employment priority. We organized The Employment Assistance Month focusing on “Four Provides and One Implement”(providing jobs, skills, services and policies; implementing the policies concerning social insurance allowances for the reemployment of people with difficulty in finding a job). We helped 8,584 people with difficulty in finding a job to be reemployed. The government overdue payments clear-up system and employment organization and labor inspection in enterprises have been improved to create a “wage-debt free city”. The municipal talent market and labor market has been integrated as human resources center whose service for the market has been upgraded. The coverage of social security continues to be broadened by having additional 54,000, 19,000, and 41,000 people joining in endowment, unemployment and birth insurance respectively. The construction of medical insurance system has been boosted rigorously and the number of people taking part in Urban Staff Basic Medical Insurance and Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance reached 616,000 and 2.275 million people respectively. The first hospital in favor of citizens with financial difficulty in Jiaxing was founded. The system of helping the poor and students with financial difficulty has been improved. 13.756 million yuan was raised to fund 28,000 students from poor families. Focusing on the ten practical things closely related to the production and the living of the citizens set by Jiaxing Municipal People’s Congress held in early 2005, we have made great efforts to ensure their timely completion by having them carried out separately and supervised. Importance has been attached to the work of ethnic affairs, religion, population and family planning. Great support has been given to develop the undertakings for the handicapped, charity, and volunteer service. Much work has been done to publicize universal law education and properly handle complaints from the people and contradictions among the people. We have attached much importance to production safety and attained the goal of “Three Zero Increases” (the number of safe production accidents and deaths, and the amount of direct economic loss not surpassing the controlling index set by Zhejiang Provincial Government). In accordance with the law, much work has been done to strengthen the improvement of public order through comprehensive measures and crack down on crimes and illegitimate activities. New achievements have been made in the construction of reserve forces for national defense. Jiaxing city has been awarded the advanced city for civil air defense.